All CATHOLIC POPES

1st Millennium
Popes of the 1st Century

# Pontificate Portrait Name: Place of birth Age at start
Age at end		 Notes
1 1 April 33 – 29 June 67
(34 years, 89 days)		 St Peter Bethsaida,
Galilea,
Roman Empire		 32 / 66 Apostle of Jesus from whom he received the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven,
according to Matthew 16:18–19.
Executed by crucifixion upside-down;
Feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June,
(Chair of Saint Peter) 22 February.
He is recognized by the Catholic Church as the first Bishop of Rome
appointed by Christ.
Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June.
2 29 June 67 – 23 September 76
(9 years, 86 days)		 St Linus Volterra,
Italia,
Roman Empire 		57 / 66 Feast day 23 September.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 07 June.
3 23 September 76 – 26 April 88
(11 years, 216 days)		 St Anacletus Anacletus Athens,
Greece,
Roman Empire 		51 / 63 Martyred; feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus.
4 26 April 88 – 23 November 99
(11 years, 211 days)		 St Clement I Rome,
Roman Empire		 53 / 64 Feast day 23 November.
Issued 1 Clement which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November.
5 23 November 99 - 27 October 107
(7 years, 338 days)		 St Evaristus Bethlehem,
Judea,
Roman Empire		 49 / 55 Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each.
Feast day of 26 October.

Popes of the 2nd Century

6 27 October 107 – 3 May 115
(7 years, 188 days)		 St Alexander I Rome,
Roman Empire		 30 / 40 Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 16 March.
7 3 May 115 -– 3 April 125
(9 years, 335 days)		 St Sixtus I Rome,
Roman Empire		 73 / 83 Feast day of 6 April.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
8 3 April 125 - 5 January 136
(10 years, 277 days)		 St Telesphorus Terranova da Sibari,
Italia,
Roman Empire		 58 / 69 Feast day of 5 January.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February.
Church Father St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr.
9 5 January 136 - 11 January 140
(4 years, 6 days)		 St Hyginus Athens,
Greece,
Roman Empire		 58 / 62 Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.
10 11 January 140 – 11 July 155
(15 years, 181 days)		 St Pius I Aquileia,
Italia,
Roman Empire 		59 / 74 Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July.
Decreed that Easter should only be celebrated on a Sunday.
11 11 July 155 – 20 April 166
(10 years, 283 days)		 St Anicetus Emesa,
Syria,
Roman Empire		 63 / 74 Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 17 April.
Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair.
12 20 April 166 – 22 April 174
(8 years, 2 days)		 St Soter Fondi, Aquileia,
Roman Empire		 46 / 55 Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April.
Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest;
formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.
13 22 April 174 – 26 May 189
(15 years, 34 days)		 St Eleuterus Nicopoli, Epirus,
Roman Empire		 45 / 59 Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.
14 26 May 189– 28 July 199
(10 years, 63 days)		 St Victor I Africa,
Roman Empire		 34 / 44 Known for excommunicating Theodotus of Byzantium.
Quartodecimanism controversy.
15 28 July 199– 20 December 217
(18 years, 145 days)		 St Zephyrinus Rome,
Roman Empire		 39 / 57 Combated against the adoptionist heresies of the followers of
Theodotus the Byzantium who were ruled by Theodotus,
the Money Changer and Asclepiodotus.
Although not physically martyred,
he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured.

Popes of the 3rd Century

16 20 December 217 – 14 October 222
(7 years, 298 days)		 St Callixtus I Rome,
Roman Empire		 62 / 67Feast day 14 October
Martyred .
17 14 October 222 – 23 May 230
(7 years, 221 days)		 St Urban I Rome,
Roman Empire		 47 / 55 Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 May.
18 21 August 230 – 28 September 235
(5 years, 38 days)		 St Pontian Rome,
Roman Empire		 55 / 60 First to abdicate after exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax.
The Liberian Catalogue records his death on 28 September 235,
the earliest exact date in papal history.
19 21 November 235 – 3 January 236
(13 days)		 St Anterus Petilia, Italia,
Roman Empire 		55 / 56 Feast day 3 January.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity,
with a feast day of 5 August.
20 10 January 236 – 20 January 250
(14 years, 10 days)		 St Fabian Rome,
Roman Empire 		36 / 50 Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts,
each supervised by a deacon.
Feast day 20 January.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
21 6 March 251 – 25 June 253
(2 years, 111 days)		 St Cornelius Rome,
Roman Empire		 71 / 73Feast day 16 September.
Died a martyr through extreme hardship
22 25 June 253 – 5 March 254
(253 days)		 St Lucius I Rome,
Roman Empire		 48 / 49 Feast day 5 March.
23 12 March 254 – 2 August 257
(3 years, 143 days)		 St Stephen I Rome,
Roman Empire		 54 / 57Feast day 2 August.
Martyred by beheading;
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
24 30 August 257 – 6 August 258
(341 days)		 St Sixtus II Athens,
Greece,
Roman Empire		 42 / 43 Martyred by beheading.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
25 22 July 259 – 26 December 268
(9 years, 157 days)		 St Dionysius Terranova da Sibari,
Italia,
Roman Empire		 59 / 68 Feast day 26 December.
26 5 January 269 – 30 December 274
(5 years, 359 days)		 St Felix I Rome,
Roman Empire		 63 / 68
27 4 January 275 – 7 December 283
(8 years, 337 days)		 St Eutychian Luni,
Italia,
Roman Empire		 35 / 43
28 17 December 283 – 22 April 296
(12 years, 127 days) 		St Caius Salona,
Dalmatia,
Roman Empire		 38 / 51 Martyred (according to legend) Feast day 22 April.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.
29 30 June 296 – 26 April 304
(7 years, 301 days) 		St Marcellinus Rome,
Roman Empire		 46 / 54 Feast day 26 April.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

Popes of the 4th Century

30 27 May 308 –16 January 309
(234 days)		 St Marcellus I Italia,
Roman Empire		 53 / 54 Banished from Rome under Maxentius (309).
31 18 April 309 – 17 August 309
(121 days)		 St Eusebius Sardinia,
Roman Empire		 54 / 54 Banished by the emperor Maxentius, and died in exile.
32 2 July 311 – 10 January 314
(2 years, 192 days) 		St Miltiades Africa,
Roman Empire		 41 / 44 First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through
the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great.
Presided over the Lateran council of 313.
33 31 January 314 – 31 December 335
(21 years, 334 days)		 St Sylvester I Sant'Angelo a Scala,
Apulia et Calabria,
Roman Empire		 29 / 50 Feast day 31 December.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January.
First Council of Nicaea (325).
Under him was built: the Basilica of St. John Lateran,
Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and Old St. Peter's Basilica.
Donation of Constantine.
34 18 January 336 – 7 October 336
(263 days) (290 - 7 October 336) 		St Mark Rome,
Roman Empire		 46 / 46 One of Mark's undertakings was to compile stories of the lives of martyrs
and bishops before his time.
There is some reason to believe he founded two churches in the area of Rome.
One of them is still known to this day as the Church of San Marco,
although it is greatly changed since his time.
The other church was at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery.
Emperor Constantine gave gifts of land and furnishing for both buildings.
Feast day 7 October.
35 6 February 337 – 12 April 352
(15 years, 66 days) 		St Julius I Rome,
Roman Empire 		57 / 72 Arian controversy.
Credited with splitting the birth of Christ into two distinct celebrations:
The Epiphany stayed on the traditional date,
and the Nativity was added on 25 December.
36 17 May 352 – 24 September 366
(14 years, 130 days)		 Liberius Rome,
Roman Empire 		42 / 56 Earliest pope not canonized by the Roman Catholic Church.
Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.
37 1 October 366 – 11 December 384
(18 years, 71 days) 		St Damasus I Egitania, Lusitania,
Roman Empire		 60 / 78 Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible.
Council of Rome (382).
38 17 December 384 – 26 November 399
(14 years, 344 days) 		St Siricius Rome,
Roman Empire		 50 / 65 His famous letters the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals
focus particularly on religious discipline and include decisions
on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence.
Siricius’ important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop Himerius of Tarragona),
commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.
39 27 November 399 – 19 December 401
(2 years, 22 days) 		St Anastasius I Rome,
Roman Empire		 59 / 61 Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the Gospels.

Popes of the 5th Century

40 21 December 401 – 12 March 417
(15 years, 81 days) 		St Innocent I Albano,
Latium et Campania,
Roman Empire		 41 / 57 Visigoth Sack of Rome (410)
under Alaric.
41 18 March 417 – 26 December 418
(1 year, 283 days) 		St Zosimus Mesoraca,
Lucania et Bruttii
Roman Empire		 47 / 48
42 28 December 418 – 4 September 422
(3 years, 250 days) 		St Boniface I Rome, Roman Empire 43 / 47
43 10 September 422 – 27 July 432
(9 years, 321 days) 		St Celestine I Campania,
Roman Empire		 42 / 52 Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April.
44 31 July 432 – 18 August 440
(8 years, 18 days) 		St Sixtus III Rome,
Roman Empire		 42 / 50
45 29 September 440 – 10 November 461
(21 years, 42 days) 		St Leo I Etruria, Roman Empire 50 / 71 Feast day 10 November.
Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy.
Wrote the Tome which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon
and in defining the hypostatic union.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
46 19 November 461 – 29 February 468
(6 years, 102 days) 		St Hilarius Sardinia,
Western Roman Empire		 46 / 53
47 3 March 468 – 10 March 483
(15 years, 7 days) 		St Simplicius Tivoli,
Western Roman Empire		 38 / 53
48 13 March 483 – 1 March 492
(8 years, 354 days) 		St Felix III Rome,
Western Roman Empire		 43 / 52 Sometimes called Felix II.
49 1 March 492 – 21 November 496
(4 years, 265 days) 		St Gelasius I Kabylie,
Africa,
Western Roman Empire		 82 / 86 The last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa.
The first pope called the "Vicar of Christ".
50 24 November 496 – 19 November 498
(1 year, 360 days) 		Anastasius II Rome,
Western Roman Empire		 51 / 53 Tried to end the Acacian schism but it resulted in the Laurentian schism.
51 22 November 498 – 19 July 514
(15 years, 239 days) 		St Symmachus Sardinia,
Western Roman Empire		 38 / 54

Popes of the 6th Century

52 20 July 514 – 6 August 523
(9 years, 17 days) 		St Hormisdas Frosinone,
Latium et Campania,
Western Roman Empire		 39 / 48 Father of Pope Silverius. Acacian schism.
53 13 August 523 – 18 May 526
(2 years, 278 days) 		St John I Siena,
Etruria,
Western Roman Empire		 53 / 56
54 12 July 526 – 22 September 530
(4 years, 72 days) 		St Felix IV Samnium,
Kingdom of Odoacer		 36 / 40 Sometimes called Felix III. Built Santi Cosma e Damiano.
55 22 September 530 – 17 October 532
(2 years, 25 days) 		Boniface II Rome,
Kingdom of Odoacer		 40 / 42 Changed the numbering of the years in the Julian Calendar
from Ab Urbe Condita to Anno Domini.
56 2 January 533 – 8 May 535
(2 years, 126 days) 		John II Rome,
Western Roman Empire 		63 / 65 First pope not to use his personal name.
This was because of the Roman god, Mercury.
57 13 May 535 – 22 April 536
(356 days) 		St Agapetus I Rome,
Kingdom of Odoacer		 45 / 46 Feast days 22 April and 20 September.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
58 8 June 536 – 11 March 537
(276 days) 		St Silverius Ceccano,
Ostrogothic Kingdom 		36 / 37 feast day 20 June
Exiled
son of Pope Hormisdas.
59 29 March 537 – 7 June 555
(18 years, 70 days) 		Vigilius Rome,
Kingdom of Odoacer 		37 / 55
60 16 April 556 – 4 March 561
(4 years, 322 days) 		Pelagius I Rome,
Ostrogothic Kingdom 		51 / 56 Credited with the construction of the basilica of Santi Apostoli.
61 17 July 561 – 13 July 574
(12 years, 361 days) 		John III Rome,
Ostrogothic Kingdom 		41 / 54
62 2 June 575 – 30 July 579
(4 years, 58 days) 		Benedict I Rome,
Ostrogothic Kingdom 		50 / 54
63 26 November 579 – 7 February 590
(10 years, 73 days) 		Pelagius II Rome,
Ostrogothic Kingdom 		59 / 70 Ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
64 3 September 590 – 12 March 604
(13 years, 191 days) 		St Gregory I Rome,
Eastern Roman Empire 		50 / 64 The first formally to employ the titles Servus servorum Dei and Pontifex Maximus.
Established the Gregorian chant.
Feast day 3 September.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March.
Known as "the Father of Christian Worship".
Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in Eastern Orthodoxy.

Popes of the 7th Century

65 13 September 604 – 22 February 606
(1 year, 162 days)		 Sabinian Blera,
Eastern Roman Empire		 74 / 76
66 19 February 607 – 12 November 607
(266 days)		 Boniface III Rome,
Eastern Roman Empire		 67 / 67
67 15 September 608 – 8 May 615
(6 years, 235 days)		 St Boniface IV Rome
Eastern Roman Empire 		48 / 55 First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
68 13 November 615 – 8 November 618
(2 years, 360 days)		 St Adeodatus I Rome,
Eastern Roman Empire		 45 / 48 Sometimes called Deusdedit, as a result Pope Adeodatus II
is sometimes called Pope Adeodatus without a number.
The first pope to use lead seals on papal documents,
which in time came to be called Papal bulls.
69 23 December 619 – 25 October 625
(5 years, 306 days)		 Boniface V Naples,
Eastern Roman Empire		 44 / 50
70 27 October 625 – 12 October 638
(12 years, 350 days)		 Honorius I Campania,
Eastern Roman Empire 		40 / 53 Named a heretic and anathematized
by the Third Council of Constantinople. (680)
71 30 October 638 – 28 May 640
(1 year, 211 days)		 Severinus Rome,
Eastern Roman Empire		 53 / 55
72 24 December 640 – 12 October 642
(1 year, 292 days)		 John IV Zadar,
Dalmatia,
Eastern Roman Empire		 40 / 42
73 24 November 642 – 14 May 649
(6 years, 171 days)		 Theodore I Jerusalem,
Eastern Roman Empire		 32 / 39 The last pope from Palestine.
Planned the Lateran Council of 649, but died before it could open.
74 5 July 649 – 12 November 655
(6 years, 130 days)		 St Martin I Near Todi,
Umbria,
Eastern Roman Empire		 59 / 65 Last pope recognized as a martyr.
Feast day of 12 November.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
75 10 August 654 - 2 June 657
(2 years, 296 days)		 St Eugene I Rome,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)		 39 / 42
76 30 July 657 – 27 January 672
(14 years, 181 days)		 St Vitalian Segni,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)		 57 / 72
77 11 April 672 – 17 June 676
(4 years, 67 days)		 Adeodatus II Rome,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)		 51 / 55 Sometimes called Pope Adeodatus (without a number)
in reference to Pope Adeodatus I sometimes being called Pope Deusdedit.
Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
78 2 November 676 – 11 April 678
(1 year, 160 days)		 Donus Rome,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 		66 / 68
79 27 June 678 – 10 January 681
(2 years, 197 days) 		St Agatho Palermo,
Eastern Roman Empire		 101 / 104 Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February.
80 17 August 682 – 3 July 683
(351 days)		 St Leo II Leone Aidone,
Eastern Roman Empire		 71 / 72 Feast day 3 July.
81 26 June 684 – 8 May 685
(316 days)		 St Benedict II Rome,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)		 49 / 50 Feast day 7 May.
82 12 August 685 – 2 August 686
(355 days)		 John V Syria,
Eastern Roman Empire		 50 / 51
83 21 October 686 – 21 September 687
(335 days)		 Conon Thrace,
Eastern Roman Empire		 56 / 57
84 15 December 687 – 8 September 701
(13 years, 267 days)		 St Sergius I Palermo,
Eastern Roman Empire		 37 / 51 Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass.

Popes of the 8th Century

85 30 October 701 – 11 January 705
(3 years, 73 days)		 John VI Ephesus,
Eastern Roman Empire		 46 / 50
86 1 March 705 – 18 October 707
(2 years, 231 days)		 John VII Rossano,
Calabria,
Eastern Roman Empire		 55 / 57 The second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
87 15 January 708 – 4 February 708
(20 days)		 Sisinnius Syria,
Rashidun Caliphate		 58 / 58
88 25 March 708 – 9 April 715
(7 years, 15 days)		 Constantine Syria,
Umayyad Caliphate		 44 / 51 Last pope to visit Greece while in office, until John Paul II in 2001.
89 19 May 715 – 11 February 731
(15 years, 268 days)		 St Gregory II Rome,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)		 46 / 62 Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721).
90 18 March 731 – 28 November 741
(10 years, 255 days)		 St Gregory III Syria,
Umayyad Caliphate		 41 / 51 The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
Was previously the last pope to have been born outside Europe
until the election of Francis in 2013.
91 3 December 741 – 22 March 752
(10 years, 110 days)		 St Zachary Santa Severina,
Calabria,
Eastern Roman Empire		 62 / 73 Feast day 15 March.
Built the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
(never con- secrated) 22 March 752 – 25 March 752
(3 days)
(Never took office)		 Pope-elect Stephen Rome,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)		 52 / 52 Sometimes known as Stephen II.
Died three days after his election;
never receiving episcopal consecration.
Some lists still include him.
The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961.
He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
92 26 March 752 – 26 April 757
(5 years, 31 days)		 Stephen II Rome,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)		 38 / 43 Sometimes called Stephen III.
The Donation of Pepin.
Brother of Paul I.
93 29 May 757 – 28 June 767
(10 years, 30 days)		 St Paul I Rome,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)		 57 / 67 Brother of Stephen II.
94 7 August 768 – 24 January 772
(3 years, 170 days)		Stephen III Syracuse,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 		45 / 49 Sometimes called Stephen IV.
The Lateran Council (769).
95 1 February 772 – 26 December 795
(23 years, 328 days)		 Adrian I Rome,
Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)		 60 / 83
96 26 December 795 – 12 June 816
(20 years, 169 days)		 St Leo III Rome,
Papal States		 45 / 66 Crowned Charlemagne Imperator Augustus on Christmas Day, 800,
thereby initiating what would become the office of Holy Roman Emperor
requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its legitimacy.

Popes of the 9th Century

97 22 June 816 – 24 January 817
(216 days)		 Stephen IV Rome,
Papal States 		46 / 47 Sometimes called Stephen V.
98 25 January 817 – 11 February 824
(7 years, 17 days) 		St Paschal I Rome,
Papal States		 42 / 49 Credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus,
building the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere
and the church of Santa Maria in Domnica.
99 8 May 824 – 27 August 827
(3 years, 111 days)		 Eugene II Rome,
Papal States		 44 / 47
100 31 August 827 – 10 October 827
(40 days)		 Valentine Rome,
Papal States		 47 / 47
101 20 December 827 – 25 January 844
(16 years, 36 days)		 Gregory IV Rome,
Papal States		 37 / 54 Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter’s Basilica and
in the newly decorated chapel transferred the body of Gregory I.
102 25 January 844 – 27 January 847
(3 years, 2 days)		 Sergius II Rome,
Papal States		 54 / 57
103 10 April 847 – 17 July 855
(8 years, 98 days)		 St Leo IV Rome,
Papal States		 57 / 65 Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
104 29 September 855 – 7 April 858
(2 years, 190 days)		 Benedict III Rome,
Papal States 		45 / 48
105 24 April 858 – 13 November 867
(9 years, 203 days)		 St Nicholas I Rome,
Papal States		 39 / 48 Encouraged missionary activity.
106 14 December 867 – 14 December 872
(5 years, 0 days)		 Adrian II Rome,
Papal States		 75 / 80
107 14 December 872 – 16 December 882
(10 years, 2 days)		 John VIII Rome,
Papal States		 52 / 62
108 16 December 882 – 15 May 884
(1 year, 151 days)		 Marinus I Gallese,
Papal States		 52 / 54 Sometimes also known as and called "Martin II."
109 17 May 884 – 15 September 885
(1 year, 121 days)		 St Adrian III Rome,
Papal States		 49 / 50
110 14 September 885 – 4 September 891
(5 years, 355 days)		 Stephen V Rome,
Papal States		 45 / 51 Sometimes called Stephen VI.
111 6 October 891 – 4 April 896
(4 years, 181 days)		 Formosus Ostia,
Papal States		 75 / 80 Posthumously ritually executed following the Cadaver Synod.
112 11 April 896 – 26 April 896
(15 days)		 Boniface VI Rome,
Papal States		 90 / 90
113 22 May 896 – 14 August 897
(1 year, 84 days)		 Stephen VI Rome,
Papal States 		46 / 47 Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous Cadaver Synod.
114 14 August 897 – November 897
(92 days)		 Romanus Gallese,
Papal States 		47 / 47
115 December 897 - 20 December 897
(20 days)		 Theodore II Rome,
Papal States 		57 / 57
116 18 January 898 – 5 January 900
(1 year, 352 days)		 John IX Tivoli,
Papal States 		58 / 60 Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

Popes of the 10th Century

117 1 February 900 – 30 July 903
(3 years, 179 days)		 Benedict IV
Rome, Papal States		 60 / 63
118 30 July 903 – December 903
(123 days)		 Leo V Ardea,
Papal States		 58 / 58
119 29 January 904 – 14 April 911
(7 years, 75 days)		 Sergius III Rome,
Papal States		 44 / 51 "Saeculum obscurum" begins.
The first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara.
120 14 April 911 – June 913
(2 years, 47 days)		 Anastasius III Rome,
Papal States 		46 / 48
121 7 July 913 – 25 February 914
(233 days)		 Lando Sabina,
Papal States		 48 / 49
122 March 914 – 28 May 928
(14 years, 89 days)		 John X Tossignano,
Romagna
(formally part of the Papal States)		 54 / 68
123 28 May 928 – December 928
(186 days)		 Leo VI Rome,
Papal States		 48 / 48
124 3 February 929 – 13 February 931
(2 years, 10 days)		 Stephen VII Rome,
Papal States		 49 / 51 Sometimes called Stephen VIII.
125 15 March 931 – December 935
(4 years, 260 days)		 John XI Rome,
Papal States		 21 / 25
126 3 January 936 – 13 July 939
(3 years, 191 days)		 Leo VII Rome,
Papal States		 41 / 44 Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
127 14 July 939 – 30 October 942
(3 years, 108 days)		 Stephen VIII Rome,
Papal States		 39 / 42 Sometimes called Stephen IX.
128 30 October 942 – 1 May 946
(3 years, 183 days)		 Marinus II Rome,
Papal States		 42 / 46
129 10 May 946 – 8 November 955
(9 years, 182 days)		 Agapetus II Rome,
Papal States		 41 / 50
130 16 December 955 – 6 December 963
(8 years, 356 days)		 John XII Rome,
Papal States 		18 / 26 Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly;
end of the "Saeculum obscurum".
6 December 963 – 26 February 964
(82 days)		 Antipope Leo VIII Rome,
Papal States 		48 / 49 Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963
in opposition to John XII and Benedict V.
He became the true pope after Benedict V was deposed.
130 26 February 964 – 14 May 964
(78 days)		 John XII Rome,
Papal States		 27 / 27 Murdered in 964.
131 22 May 964 – 23 June 964
(32 days)		 Benedict V Rome,
Papal States		 49 / 49 Elected by the people of Rome,
in opposition to the Antipope Leo VIII who was
appointed by Emperor Otto;
he accepted his own deposition in 964
leaving Leo VIII as the sole pope.
132 23 June 964 – 1 March 965
(251 days)		 Leo VIII Rome,
Papal States		 49 / 50 Became the true pope after Benedict V was deposed.
133 1 October 965 – 6 September 972
(6 years, 341 days)		 John XIII Rome,
Papal States		 45 / 52 Chronicled after his death as "the Good".
134 19 January 973 – 8 June 974
(1 year, 140 days)		 Benedict VI Rome,
Papal States 		48 / 49 Deposed and murdered.
135 October 974 – 10 July 983
(8 years, 283 days)		 Benedict VII Rome,
Papal States 		44 / 53
136 December 983 – 20 August 984
(264 days)		 John XIV Pavia,
Kingdom of Italy,
Holy Roman Empire		 43 / 44 First Pope since John III not to use his personal name.
137 20 August 985 – 1 April 996
(10 years, 225 days)		 John XV Rome, Papal States 35 / 46 The first pope to formally canonize a saint.
138 3 May 996 – 18 February 999
(2 years, 291 days)		 Gregory V Duchy of Saxony,
Holy Roman Empire 		24 / 27 First German Pope.
139 2 April 999 – 12 May 1003
(4 years, 40 days)		 Sylvester II Belliac,
France		 53 / 57 The first French pope.

2nd Millennium
Popes of the 11th Century

140 16 May 1003 – 6 November 1003
(174 days)		 John XVII Rome, Papal States 48 / 48
141 25 December 1003 – 18 July 1009
(5 years, 205 days)		 John XVIII Rapagnano,
Papal States		 43 / 49
142 31 July 1009 – 12 May 1012
(2 years, 286 days)		 Sergius IV Rome,
Papal States		 44 / 47
143 18 May 1012 – 9 April 1024
(11 years, 327 days)		 Benedict VIII Rome,
Papal States		 32 / 44
144 14 May 1024 – 6 October 1032
(8 years, 145 days)		 John XIX Rome,
Papal States		 49 / 57
145 21 October 1032 – 31 December 1044
(12 years, 71 days)		 Benedict IX Rome,
Papal States		 20 / 32 1st Term.
Pope on three occasions between October 1032 and July 1048
He is one of the youngest popes in history.
He is the only man to have been Pope on more than one occasion
and the only man ever to have sold the papacy.
14613 January 1045 – 10 March 1045
(56 days)		 Sylvester III Rome,
Papal States 		45 / 45 Validity of election questioned;
considered Anti-Pope;
deposed at the Council of Sutri.
147 10 March 1045 – 1 May 1045
(52 days)		 Benedict IX Rome,
Papal States		 33 / 33 2nd Term;
deposed at the Council of Sutri.
148 5 May 1045 – 20 December 1046
(1 year, 229 days)		 Gregory VI Rome,
Papal States 		45 / 46 Deposed at the Council of Sutri.
149 24 December 1046 – 9 October 1047
(289 days)		 Clement II Hornburg,
Duchy of Saxony,
Holy Roman Empire		 41 / 42 Appointed by Henry III at the Council of Sutri;
crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor.
150 8 November 1047 – 17 July 1048
(252 days)		 Benedict IX Rome,
Papal States		 35 / 36 3rd Term;
deposed and excommunicated.
151 17 July 1048 – 9 August 1048
(23 days)		 Damasus II Pildenau,
Duchy of Bavaria,
Holy Roman Empire		 48 / 48
152 12 February 1049 – 19 April 1054
(5 years, 66 days)		 St Leo IX Eguisheim,
Duchy of Swabia,
Holy Roman Empire 		47 / 51 In 1054, mutual excommunications of Leo IX and
Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I
Cerularius began the East–West Schism.
The anathematizations were rescinded by Pope Paul VI
and Patriarch Athenagoras in 1965.
153 13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057
(2 years, 106 days)		 Victor II Gebhard II
von Calw-Dollnstein-Hirschberg
Duchy of Swabia,
Holy Roman Empire		 37 / 39
154 2 August 1057 – 29 March 1058
(239 days)		 Stephen IX Duchy of Lorraine,
Holy Roman Empire		 37 / 38 Sometimes called Stephen X.
Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
155 6 December 1058 – 27 July 1061
(2 years, 233 days)		 Nicholas II Chβteau de Chevron,
County of Savoy,
Holy Roman Empire		 63 / 66 In 1059 the College of Cardinals was designated
the sole body of pope electors
in the document In nomine Domini. (Papal conclave).
156 30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073
(11 years, 203 days)		 Alexander II Baggio,
Milan
Holy Roman Empire		 46 / 58 Authorised the Norman conquest of England in 1066.
157 22 April 1073 – 25 May 1085
(12 years, 33 days) 		St Gregory VII Sovana,
March of Tuscany,
Holy Roman Empire		 48 / 60 Initiated the Gregorian Reforms.
Restricted the use of the title "Papa" to the Bishop of Rome.
Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Political struggle with German Emperor Henry IV,
who had to go to Canossa (1077).
158 24 May 1086 – 16 September 1087
(1 year, 115 days) 		Bl. Victor III Benevento,
Duchy of Benevento		 60 / 61 Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Called the Synod of Benevento (1087)
Condemning lay investiture.
159 12 March 1088 – 29 July 1099
(11 years, 139 days)		 Bl. Urban II Chβtillon-sur-Marne,
County of Champagne,
France		 46 / 57 Preached and started the First Crusade.
Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
160 13 August 1099 – 21 January 1118
(18 years, 161 days)		 Paschal II Bleda,
March of Tuscany,
Holy Roman Empire		 49 / 68 Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.

Popes of the 12th Century

16124 January 1118 – 29 January 1119
(1 year, 5 days)		 Gelasius II Gaeta,
Duchy of Gaeta		 57 / 58 Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
162 2 February 1119 – 13 December 1124
(5 years, 315 days)		 Callixtus II Quingey,
Franche-Comtι 		59 / 64 Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123
163 21 December 1124– 13 February 1130
(5 years, 54 days)		 Honorius II Fiagnano,
Romagna,
Holy Roman Empire		 64 / 70 Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno.
Approved the new military order of the Knights Templar in 1128.
164 14 February 1130 – 24 September 1143
(13 years, 222 days)		 Innocent II Rome,
Papal States		 48 / 61 Canon Regular of Lateran
Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139
165 26 September 1143 – 8 March 1144
(164 days)		 Celestine II Cittΰ di Castello,
Papal States		 58 / 59
166 12 March 1144 – 15 February 1145
(340 days)		 Lucius II Bologna,
Holy Roman Empire		 49 / 50 Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca.
167 15 February 1145 – 8 July 1153
(8 years, 143 days)		 Bl. Eugene III Montemagno,
Republic of Pisa 		44 / 52 Member of the Order of Cistercians.
Announced the Second Crusade.
168 12 July 1153 – 3 December 1154
(1 year, 144 days)		 Anastasius IV Rome,
Papal States		 80 / 81
169 4 December 1154 – 1 September 1159
(4 years, 271 days) 		Adrian IV Abbots Langley,
Hertfordshire,
Kingdom of England		 54 / 59 First and only English pope;
purportedly granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England.
Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery .
170 7 September 1159 – 30 August 1181
(21 years, 357 days)		 Alexander III Siena,
Republic of Siena		 59 / 81 Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179.
171 1 September 1181 – 25 November 1185
(4 years, 85 days) 		Lucius III Lucca,
March of Tuscany,
Holy Roman Empire		 84 / 88
172 25 November 1185 – 20 October 1187
(1 year, 329 days)		 Urban III Cuggiono,
Holy Roman Empire		 65 / 67
173 21 October 1187 – 17 December 1187
(57 days)		 Gregory VIII Benevento,
Papal States		 79 / 79Canon Regular Premostratense.
Proposed the Third Crusade.
174 19 December 1187 – 20 March 1191
(3 years, 91 days)		 Clement III Rome,
Papal States		 57 / 61
175
 30 March 1191 – 8 January 1198
(6 years, 284 days) 		Celestine III Rome,
Papal States		 85 / 92 Confirmed the statutes of the Teutonic Knights as a military order.
176
 8 January 1198 – 16 July 1216
(18 years, 190 days)		 Innocent III Gavignano, Papal States 37 / 55 Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215.
Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it
and threatened participants with excommunication when it became clear
that the leadership abandoned a focus on conquest of the Holy Land
and instead intended to sack Christian cities.

Popes of the 13th Century

177
 18 July 1216 – 18 March 1227
(10 years, 243 days)		 Honorius III Rome,
Papal States		 – Initiated the Fifth Crusade.
Approved several religious and tertiary orders.
178
 19 March 1227 – 22 August 1241
(14 years, 156 days)		 Gregory IX Anagni,
Papal States		 – Canonized Elisabeth of Hungary (1235).
Initiated the Inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades.
179
 25 October 1241 – 10 November 1241
(16 days)		 Celestine IV Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire – Died before coronation.
180
 25 June 1243 – 7 December 1254
(11 years, 165 days)		 Innocent IV Genoa,
Republic of Genoa,
Holy Roman Empire		 – Convened the First Council of Lyons (1245).
Issued the bull Ad extirpanda that permitted the torture of heretics (1252).
181
 12 December 1254 – 25 May 1261
(6 years, 164 days)		 Alexander IV Jenne,
Papal States		 – Established an Inquisition in France.
182
 29 August 1261 – 2 October 1264
(3 years, 34 days)		 Urban IV Troyes,
County of Champagne,
France		 – Instituted the feast of Corpus Christi (1264).
183
 5 February 1265 – 29 November 1268
(3 years, 298 days)		 Clement IV Saint-Gilles,
Languedoc,
France		 –
29 November 1268 – 1 September 1271 Interregnum Almost 3 year period without a valid pope elected.
This was due to a deadlock among
cardinals voting for the pope.
184
 1 September 1271 – 10 January 1276
(4 years, 131 days)		 Bl. Gregory X Piacenza,
Italy,
Holy Roman Empire		 – Convened the Second Council of Lyons (1274).
Responsible for regulation all papal conclaves until the 20th century.
185
 21 January 1276 – 22 June 1276
(153 days) 		Bl. Innocent V County of Savoy,
Holy Roman Empire		 – Member of the Dominican Order.
186
 11 July 1276 – 18 August 1276
(38 days)		 Adrian V Genoa,
Republic of Genoa,
Holy Roman Empire 		– Annulled Gregory X's papal bull on the regulations of papal conclaves.
187
 8 September 1276 – 20 May 1277
(254 days)		 John XXI Lisbon,
Portugal		 – Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John
in the 13th century, there was no John XX.
There has never been a John XX,
because the 20th pope of this name formerly when elected,
decided to skip the number XX and be counted as John XXI instead.
He wanted to correct what in his time was
believed to be an error in the counting of his predecessors John XV to XIX
188
 25 November 1277 – 22 August 1280
(2 years, 271 days)		 Nicholas III Rome,
Papal States		 –
189
 22 February 1281 – 28 March 1285
(4 years, 34 days)		 Martin IV Meinpicien,
Touraine,
France		 –
190
 2 April 1285 – 3 April 1287
(2 years, 1 day)		 Honorius IV Rome,
Papal States		 –
191
 22 February 1288 – 4 April 1292
(4 years, 42 days)		 Nicholas IV Lisciano,
Papal States		 – Member of the Franciscan Order.
4 April 1292 – 5 July 1294Interregnum 2 year period without a valid pope elected.
This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
192
 5 July 1294 – 13 December 1294
(161 days)		 St Celestine V Sant'Angelo
Limosano,
Kingdom of Sicily		 – One of the few popes who resigned voluntarily.
Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Founded the Celestines.
193
 24 December 1294 – 11 October 1303
(8 years, 291 days)		 Boniface VIII Anagni,
Papal States		 – Formalized the Jubilee in 1300.
Issued Unam Sanctam (1302) which proclaimed papal supremacy
and pushing it to its historical extreme.

Popes of the 14th Century

194
 22 October 1303 – 7 July 1304
(259 days)		 Bl. Benedict XI Treviso – Member of the Dominican Order.
Reverted Boniface VIII's Unam Sanctam.
195
 5 June 1305 – 20 April 1314
(8 years, 319 days)		 Clement V Villandraut,
Gascony,
France		 – Pope at Avignon.
Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312).
Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar
with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae
under pressure from King Philip IV of France.
20 April 1314 – 7 August 1316 Interregnum Two-year period without a valid pope elected.
This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
196
 7 August 1316 – 4 December 1334
(18 years, 119 days)		 John XXII Cahors,
Quercy,
France		 – Pope at Avignon.
Controversial for his views on the Beatific Vision.
197
 20 December 1334 – 25 April 1342
(7 years, 126 days)		 Benedict XII Saverdun,
County of Foix,
France		 – Pope at Avignon.
Member of the Order of Cistercians.
Known for issuing the Apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (1336).
198
 7 May 1342 – 6 December 1352
(10 years, 213 days)		 Clement VI Maumont,
Limousin,
France		 – Pope at Avignon.
Reigned during the Black Death
and absolved those who died of it of their sins.
199
 18 December 1352 – 12 September 1362
(9 years, 268 days)		 Innocent VI Les Monts,
Limousin,
France		 – Pope at Avignon.
Through his exertions the Treaty of Brιtigny (1360) was brought about.
200
 28 September 1362 – 19 December 1370
(8 years, 82 days)		 Bl. Urban V Grizac,
Languedoc,
France		 – Pope at Avignon.
Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Reformed areas of education
and sent missionary movements across Europe and Asia.
His pontificate witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades.
201
 30 December 1370 – 27 March 1378
(7 years, 87 days)		 Gregory XI Maumont,
Limousin,
France		 – Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome.
The last French pope.
202
 8 April 1378 – 15 October 1389
(11 years, 190 days)		 Urban VI Naples,
Kingdom of Naples		 – Western Schism.
Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals.
203
 2 November 1389 – 1 October 1404
(14 years, 334 days)		 Boniface IX Naples,
Kingdom of Naples		 – Western Schism.

Popes of the 15th Century

204
 17 October 1404 – 6 November 1406
(2 years, 20 days)		Innocent VII Sulmona,
Kingdom of Naples		 65 / 67 Western Schism
205
 30 November 1406 – 4 July 1415
(8 years, 216 days)		 Gregory XII Venice,
Republic of Venice		 80 / 91 Western Schism;
abdicated during the Council of Constance,
which had been called by his opponent John XXIII.
Last pope to resign until Pope Benedict XVI.
4 July 1415 – 11 November 1417 Interregnum Two-year period without a valid pope elected.
206
 11 November 1417 – 20 February 1431
(13 years, 101 days)		 Martin V Genazzano,
Papal States		 48 / 62 Convened the Council of Basel (1431).
Initiated the Hussite Wars.
207
3 March 1431 – 23 February 1447
(15 years, 357 days)		 Eugene IV Venice,
Republic of Venice		 47 / 63 Member of the Augustinian Order.
Nephew of Martin V. Crowned Sigismund emperor
at Rome in 1433
Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara.
It was later transferred again
to Florence because of the Bubonic plague.
208
6 March 1447 – 24 March 1455
(8 years, 18 days)		 Nicholas V Sarzana,
Republic of Genoa		 49 / 57 Member of the Dominican Order.
Held the Jubilee of 1450.
Crowned Frederick III emperor at Rome (1452).
Issued the Papal Bull Dum Diversas allowing
Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate
Saracens and pagans (1452).
Created a library in the Vatican which would
eventually become the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana.
209
8 April 1455 – 6 August 1458
(3 years, 120 days)		 Callixtus III Xΰtiva,
Kingdom of Valencia,
Crown of Aragon		 76 / 79 The first Spanish pope.
Ordered the Feast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August.
Ordered the retrial of Joan of Arc,
in which she was vindicated.
210
19 August 1458 – 15 August 1464
(5 years, 362 days)		 Pius II Corsignano,
Republic of Siena		 52 / 58 Displayed a great interest in urban planning.
Founded Pienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462.
Known for his work on the Commentaries.
211
30 August 1464 – 26 July 1471
(6 years, 330 days)		 Paul II Venice,
Republic of Venice		 47 / 54 The nephew of Eugene IV.
Built the Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia).
Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.
212
 9 August 1471 – 12 August 1484
(13 years, 3 days)		 Sixtus IV Ligure,
Republic of Genoa		 57 / 70 Member of the Franciscan Order.
Commissioned the Sistine Chapel.
Authorized an Inquisition targeting converted
Jewish Christians in Spain at the request
of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand.
213
29 August 1484 – 25 July 1492
(7 years, 331 days)		 Innocent VIII Genoa,
Republic of Genoa		 51 / 59 Appointed Tomαs de Torquemada.
Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the
bull Summis desiderantes affectibus (1484).
214
11 August 1492 – 18 August 1503
(11 years, 7 days)		 Alexander VI Xΰtiva,
Kingdom of Valencia,
Crown of Aragon		 61 / 72 Nephew of Callixtus III;
father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia.
Divided the extra-European world between
Spain and Portugal in the bull Inter caetera (1493).
No Alexander V due to the antipope.

Popes of the 16th Century

215
 22 September 1503 – 18 October 1503
(26 days)		 Pius III Siena,
Republic of Siena		 64 / 64 Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library
adjourning the Siena Cathedral.
216
 31 October 1503 – 21 February 1513
(9 years, 113 days)		 Julius II Albisola,
Republic of Genoa 		59 / 69 Nephew of Sixtus IV
convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512).
Took control of all the Papal States for the first time.
Commissioned Michelangelo to paint the
Sistine Chapel ceiling.
Proposed plans for rebuilding St Peter's Basilica.
217
 9 March 1513 – 1 December 1521
(8 years, 267 days)		 Leo X Florence,
Republic of Florence 		37 / 45 Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent.
Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran.
Remembered for granting indulgences to those
who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica;
excommunicated Martin Luther (1521).
Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal.
218
 January 1522 – 14 September 1523
(1 year, 248 days)		 Adrian VI Utrecht,
Bishopric of Utrecht,
Holy Roman Empire
(now Netherlands) 		62 / 64 The only Dutch pope;
last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978.
Tutor of Emperor Charles V.
Retained his baptismal name as his regnal name.
219
 26 November 1523 – 25 September 1534
(10 years, 303 days)		 Clement VII Florence,
Republic of Florence 		45 / 56 Cousin of Leo X. Rome plundered by imperial troops (1527).
Forbade the divorce of Henry VIII;
crowned Charles V as emperor at Bologna (1530).
His niece was married to the future Henry II of France.
Ordered Michelangelo's painting of
The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel.
220
 13 October 1534 – 10 November 1549
(15 years, 28 days)		 Paul III Canino,
Lazio,
Papal States 		66 / 81 Opened the Council of Trent (1545).
His illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma.
Decreed the second and final excommunication of Henry VIII.
Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction
of St. Peter's Basilica (1546).
221
 7 February 1550 – 29 March 1555
(5 years, 50 days)		 Julius III Rome,
Lazio,
Papal States 		62 / 67 Established the Collegium Germanicum (1552)
. Reconvened the Council of Trent.
The Innocenzo Scandal.
222
 9 April 1555 – 1 May 1555
(0 years, 22 days)		 Marcellus II Montefano,
Marche,
Papal States 		53 / 53 The last to use his birth name as the regnal name.
Instituted immediate economies in Vatican expenditures.
The Missa Papae Marcelli composed in his honour.
223
 23 May 1555 – 18 August 1559
(4 years, 87 days)		 Paul IV Irpina,
Campania,
Kingdom of Naples 		78 / 83 Member of the Theatines.
Established the Roman Ghetto in
Cum Nimis Absurdum (1555)
and established the Index of Forbidden Books.
Ordered Michelangelo to repaint
the nudes of The Last Judgment modestly.
224
 26 December 1559 – 9 December 1565
(5 years, 348 days)		 Pius IV Milan,
Duchy of Milan 		60 / 66 Reopened and closed the Council of Trent.
Ordered public construction to improve
the water supply of Rome.
Instituted the Tridentine Creed.
225
 7 January 1566 – 1 May 1572
(6 years, 115 days)		 St Pius V Bosco,
Piedmont,
Duchy of Milan 		61 / 68 Member of the Dominican Order.
Excommunicated Elizabeth I (1570).
Battle of Lepanto (1571)
instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory.
Issued the 1570 Roman Missal.
226
 13 May 1572 – 10 April 1585
(12 years, 332 days)		 Gregory XIII Bologna,
Emilia-Romagna,
Papal States 		70 / 83 Reformed the calendar (1582)
built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican.
The first pope to bestow the Immaculate Conception
as Patroness to the Philippine Islands
through the bull Ilius Fulti Prζsido (1579).
Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations.
227
 24 April 1585 – 27 August 1590
(5 years, 125 days)		 Sixtus V Grottammare,
Marche,
Papal States 		63 / 68 Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order.
Known for fixing and completing building
works to major basilicas in Rome.
Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number
doubled the number of curial congregations.
228
 15 September 1590 – 27 September 1590
(12 days)		 Urban VII Rome,
Lazio,
Papal States 		69 / 69 Shortest-reigning pope
died before coronation.
Set the first known worldwide smoking ban,
banning smoking in and near all churches.
229
 5 December 1590 – 16 October 1591
(0 years, 315 days)		 Gregory XIV Lombardo,
Lombardy,
Duchy of Milan 		55 / 56 Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Sixtus V
so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until
the foetus became animated (1591).
Made gambling on papal elections punishable by
excommunication.
230
 29 October 1591 – 30 December 1591
(62 days)		 Innocent IX Bologna,
Emilia-Romagna,
Papal States 		72 / 72 Supported the cause of Philip II and the
Catholic League against Henry IV
in the French Wars of Religion.
Prohibited the alienation of church property.
231
 30 January 1592 – 3 March 1605
(13 years, 32 days)		 Clement VIII Fano,
Marche,
Papal States 		55 / 69 Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers
to partake in the war with the
Ottoman Empire known as The Long War (1595).
Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis which addressed
doctrinal disputes between the Dominicans and Jesuits
regarding free will and divine grace.

Popes of the 17th Century

232
 1 April 1605 – 27 April 1605
 Leo XI Florence,
Duchy of Florence		 69 / 69 The nephew of Leo X.
Called "Papa Lampo" (Lightning Pope) for his brief pontificate.
233
 16 May 1605 – 28 January 1621
(15 years, 257 days)		 Paul V Rome,
Lazio,
Papal States		 52 / 68 Known for various building projects
which included the facade of St Peter's Basilica.
Established the Bank of the Holy Spirit (1605)
restored the Aqua Traiana.
234
 9 February 1621 – 8 July 1623
(2 years, 149 days)		 Gregory XV Bologna,
Emilia-Romagna,
Papal States		 67 / 69 Established the Congregation for the
Propagation of the Faith (1622).
Issued the bull Aeterni Patris (1621)
which imposed conclaves
to be by secret ballot.
Issued the constitution Omnipotentis Dei
against magicians and witches (1623).
235
 6 August 1623 – 29 July 1644
(20 years, 358 days)		 Urban VIII Florence,
Grand Duchy of Tuscany		 55 / 76 Trial against Galileo Galilei.
The last pope to expand papal
territory by force of arms.
Issued a 1624 bull that made the use of tobacco
in holy places punishable by excommunication.
236
 15 September 1644 – 7 January 1655
(10 years, 114 days)		 Innocent X Rome,
Lazio,
Papal States		 70 / 80 The great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI.
Erected the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi
in Piazza Navona. Promulgated the apostolic constitution
Cum occasione (1653) which condemned five doctrines
of Jansenism as heresy.
237
 7 April 1655 – 22 May 1667
(12 years, 45 days)		 Alexander VII Siena,
Grand Duchy of Tuscany		 56 / 68 Great-nephew of Paul V.
Commissioned St. Peter's Square.
Issued the constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum
that set the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception almost
identical to that of Pius IX centuries later.
238
 20 June 1667 – 9 December 1669
(2 years, 172 days)		 Clement IX Pistoia,
Grand Duchy of Tuscany		 67 / 69 Commissioned the colonnade of St. Peter's Square.
Mediated in the peace of Aachen (1668).
239
 29 April 1670 – 22 July 1676
(6 years, 84 days)		 Clement X Rome,
Lazio,
Papal States		 79 / 86 Canonized the first saint from the Americas:
Saint Rose of Lima (1671).
Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the
ten statues of angels and the two fountains
that adorn the piazza of St. Peter's.
Established regulations for the removal of relics
of saints from cemeteries.
240
 21 September 1676 – 12 August 1689
(12 years, 325 days)		 Bl. Innocent XI Como,
Lombardy,
Duchy of Milan		65 / 78 Condemned the doctrine of mental reservation (1679)
and initiated the Holy League.
Extended the Holy Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684).
Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.
241
 6 October 1689 – 1 February 1691
(1 year, 118 days)		 Alexander VIII Venice,
Republic of Venice		 79 / 80 Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690).
242
 12 July 1691 – 27 September 1700
(9 years, 77 days)		 Innocent XII Spinazzola,
Apulia,
Kingdom of Naples		 76 / 85 Issued the bull Romanum
decet Pontificem to stop nepotism (1692).
Erected various charitable and educational institutions.

Popes of the 18th Century

243
 23 November 1700 – 19 March 1721
(20 years, 116 days)		 Clement XI Urbino,
Marche,
Papal States 		51 / 71 The "Chinese Rites" controversy.
Patronized the first archaeological excavations
in the Roman catacombs and made the
feast of the Immaculate Conception universal.
244
 8 May 1721 – 7 March 1724
(2 years, 304 days) 		Innocent XIII Poli,
Lazio,
Papal States 		65 / 68 Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting
their mission in China ordering that no
new members should be received into the order.
245
 29 May 1724 – 21 February 1730
(5 years, 268 days)		 Servant of God
Benedict XIII 		Gravina in Puglia,
Bari,
Kingdom of Naples		 75 / 81 Member of the Dominican Order
third and last member of the Orsini family to be pope.
Originally called Benedict XIV due to
the antipope but reverted to XIII.
Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set by
Urban VII and Urban VIII.
246
 12 July 1730 – 6 February 1740
(9 years, 209 days)		 Clement XII Florence,
Grand Duchy of Tuscany 		78 / 87 Completed the new faηade of the Archbasilica of
St. John Lateran (1735).
Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732).
Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti apostolatus (1738).
Last pope to elected at an old age until Pope Benedict XVI at 2005.
247
 17 August 1740 – 3 May 1758
(17 years, 259 days)		 Benedict XIV Bologna,
Papal States		 65 / 83 Reformed the education of priests
and the calendar of feasts.
Completed the Trevi Fountain and
affirmed the teachings of Thomas Aquinas
founded academies of art, religion and science.
248
 6 July 1758 – 2 February 1769
(10 years, 211 days)		 Clement XIII Venice,
Republic of Venice 		65 / 75 Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican.
Defended the Society of Jesus in "Apostolicum pascendi" (1765).
249
 19 May 1769 – 22 September 1774
(5 years, 126 days)		 Clement XIV Sant'
Arcangelo di Romagna,
Papal States 		63 / 68 Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order.
Suppressed the Society of Jesus in the
brief "Dominus ac Redemptor" (1773).
250
 15 February 1775 - 29 August 1799
(24 years, 195 days)		 Pius VI Cesena,
Emilia-Romagna,
Papal States 		57 / 81 Condemned the French Revolution
expelled from the Papal States by French troops
from 1798 until his death.
The last pope to be a patron of Renaissance art.
29 August 1799 –14 March 1800 Interregnum Six-month period without a valid pope elected.
This was due to unique logistical problems
the old pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice
and a deadlock among cardinals voting.

Popes of the 19th Century

251
 14 March 1800 – 20 August 1823
(23 years, 159 days)		Servant of God
Pius VII 		Cesena,
Emilia-Romagna,
Papal States		 57 / 81 Member of the Order of Saint Benedict
Present at Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of the French
Briefly expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814.
252
 28 September 1823 – 10 February 1829
(5 years, 135 days)		 Leo XII Genga,
Marche,
Papal States 		63 / 68 Placed the Catholic educational system
under the control of the Jesuits through Quod divina sapientia (1824)
Condemned the Bible societies.
253
 31 March 1829 – 30 November 1830
(1 year, 244 days)		 Pius VIII Cingoli,
Marche,
Papal States		 67 / 69 Accepted Louis Philippe I as King of the French
Condemned the masonic secret societies and
modernist biblical translations in the brief Litteris altero (1830).
254
 2 February 1831 – 1 June 1846
(15 years, 119 days)		 Gregory XVI Belluno,
Veneto,
Republic of Venice 		65 / 80 Member of the Camaldolese Order
last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy.
Opposed democratic and modernising reforms
in the Papal States.
255
 16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878
(31 years, 236 days)		 Bl. Pius IX Senigallia,
Marche,
Papal States		 54 / 85 Opened the First Vatican Council
lost the Papal States to Italy
Defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception
and defined papal infallibility
Issued the controversial Syllabus of Errors
Second longest serving pope in history after Saint Peter.
256
 20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903
(25 years, 150 days)		 Leo XIII Carpineto Romano,
Lazio,
Papal States		 67 / 93 Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum
supported Christian democracy against Communism
Had the fourth-longest reign after Pius IX
Saint Peter and John Paul II
Promoted the rosary and the scapular and
approved two new Marian scapulars
first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix.

Popes of the 20th 21th Century


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